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CSS Advanced
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CSS Media Types
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CSS Summary

CSS Examples
CSS Examples

References
CSS2 Reference
CSS2 Print
CSS2 Aural
CSS Units
CSS Colors
CSS Colorvalues
CSS Colornames

CSS Quiz
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CSS2 Aural Reference

Aural Style Sheets

Aural style sheets use a combination of speech synthesis and sound effects to make the user listen to information, instead of reading information.

Aural presentation can be used:

by blind people
to help users learning to read
to help users who have reading problems
for home entertainment
in the car
by print-impaired communities

The aural presentation converts the document to plain text and feed this to a screen reader (a program that reads all the characters on the screen).

An example of an Aural style sheet:

h1, h2, h3, h4
{
voice-family: male;
richness: 80;
cue-before: url("beep.au")
}

The example above will make the speech synthesizer play a sound, then speak the headers in a very rich male voice.

CSS2 Aural Reference

W3C: The number in the "W3C" column indicates in which CSS recommendation the property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property	Description	Values	W3C
azimuth	Sets where the sound/voices should come from (horizontally)	angle left-side far-left left center-left center center-right right far-right right-side behind leftwards rightwards	2
cue	A shorthand property for setting the cue-before and cue-after properties in one declaration	cue-before cue-after	2
cue-after	Specifies a sound to be played after speaking an element's content to delimit it from other	none url	2
cue-before	Specifies a sound to be played before speaking an element's content to delimit it from other	none url	2
elevation	Sets where the sound/voices should come from (vertically)	angle below level above higher lower	2
pause	A shorthand property for setting the pause-before and pause-after properties in one declaration	pause-before pause-after	2
pause-after	Specifies a pause after speaking an element's content	time %	2
pause-before	Specifies a pause before speaking an element's content	time %	2
pitch	Specifies the speaking voice	frequency x-low low medium high x-high	2
pitch-range	Specifies the variation in the speaking voice. (Monotone voice or animated voice?)	number	2
play-during	Specifies a sound to be played while speaking an element's content	auto none url mix repeat	2
richness	Specifies the richness in the speaking voice. (Rich voice or thin voice?)	number	2
speak	Specifies whether content will render aurally	normal none spell-out	2
speak-header	Specifies how to handle table headers. Should the headers be spoken before every cell, or only before a cell with a different header than the previous cell	always once	2
speak-numeral	Specifies how to speak numbers	digits continuous	2
speak-punctuation	Specifies how to speak punctuation characters	none code	2
speech-rate	Specifies the speed of the speaking	number x-slow slow medium fast x-fast faster slower	2
stress	Specifies the "stress" in the speaking voice	number	2
voice-family	A prioritized list of voice family names that contain specific voices	specific-voice generic-voice	2
volume	Specifies the volume of the speaking	number % silent x-soft soft medium loud x-loud	2