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Introduction to IT Read,Discuss and share all lectures of IT (By Mam Nazneen Alam)


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Old 21-10-2007, 06:13 PM
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Default Chapter No.4 lecture 1st ..

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System Software:
The set of one or more programs designed to control operation of the system.
Components of System Software:
  • Operating System: Manage all operation of the computer after loading.
  • Device Drivers: Help the computer to control peripheral device.
  • Utility Program: Used to support, enhance or expand the existing program.
1-Operating System:
There are following Functions of operating system.

1)Booting
2)User Interface
3)CPU Management
4)File Management
5)Task Management
6) Formatting
7)Security Management
1. Booting
Booting is the process of loading of an operating system into a computer main memory ?OR? It is a process of starting computer.
Boot program task operating system usually from Hard Disk and loads it into the computer main memory.
There are two types of Booting.
1. Cold booting: When we start the computer after switching ON the power called cold booting
2. Warm Booting: When operating system boot after restarting the operating system called warm booting.
??
BIOS:
Stands for Basic Input Output System, The part of the system software that includes instruction the computer uses to accept input and output. It search for the Operating System
CMOS:
Stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Determine where to look for Operating System.
2. User Interface
The user controllable display screen that allows the user to communicate or interact with the computer
There are three types of User Interface.
Command line UI
Menu Driven UI
GUI (pronounce as gooey, stands for Graphical User Interface)
3. CPU Management
It acts like a supervisor. CPU Management use to support the apply program.
It also manages memory, for this it takes following tasks.
Partitioning:
Is Partitioning, The Operating System divides memory into separate areas called partitions operating system divides memory into partition.
Foreground / Background:
Some Operating System divides the memory into foreground and background areas. Foreground areas have high priority while background has lower priority
Queues:
Program or data that are to be executed or processed wait on disk in queues.
A queue is the temporary holding place for program or data.
Their Operation takes place in FIFO and LIFO sequence
FIFO: First In & First Out
LIFO: Last IN & First Out
Buffer: A Disk area where the program wait is called Buffer.
?..
Virtual Memory: (A part of running program) Some Operating System allocates apart of storage area like Hard Disk as additional RAM?
OR
A part of running program can be in RAM and the remaining may be on the Hard Disk this is known as Virtual Memory...
Swap Files: A part of Hard Disk area used for Virtual Memory is called Swap Files.
Page: The amount of data and program or instruction that can swap at a given time is called Page?
Paging: The process of swapping items between memory and Hard Disk is called paging.
Spooling: Spooling is the process of regulating data flow with the help of spooler.
Spooler: Spooler is a program or application for flowing data from main memory to temporary memory.
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File Type: doc Chapter No 4 (1).doc (27.0 KB, 244 views)
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Old 21-10-2007, 09:14 PM
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