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Old 03-06-2011, 10:05 AM
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Exclamation Vouching - Principles of Vouching, Techniques of Vouching, Objectives of Vouching, Procedures C Read more: Vouching - Princi

Chapter 4 - Vouching

* Vouching

* Principles of Vouching

* Techniques of Vouching

* Objectives of Vouching

* Procedures of Vouching


Introduction

It means to test the truth of items appearing in the books of original entry. It is an important part of an auditor's duty to certify as correct the transactions recorded in the looks of accounts. The Accountant of a business is responsible for passing entries in the books of prime entry. The question arises how and on what basis such entries have been passed. The auditor's primary duty is to check these entries and only then certify the accounts as correct and free from any error or fraud.

Definition

A careful examination of all original evidence such as invoice receipt of correspondence minutes, contracts etc.

Vouching is very useful in proving the accuracy of the entries in the books of accounts. It also indicates about that transaction, which is omitted from the books of account.

Importance

Vouching is called the essence of auditing. So audit is not possible without vouching. The object of vouching is to find out the accuracy of the entries appearing in the books of accounts and detect that no entry has been omitted from the books of account.

Principles of Vouching

1. Arranged Voucher

In the books of accounts the vouchers are based an entry. A voucher is helpful to support any transaction, which may be cash memo fill, voucher, ticket or others.

2. Checking of Date

The voucher date can also be checked; it must be related to the current year. The date of the last or future year must not be adopted.

3. Checking of Authority

The vouchers are considers correct only when the proper authority signs on them. For the approval of the dealing the owner or the management must put the signatures for the approval of dealing if the vouchers are without the signatures of the proper authority. They are not considers the true.

4. Cutting or Change

There should be no changes in the vouchers. Any person for making the fraud can change the time, date, amount and name of concern. So, these changes cannot be acceptable till the approval authority has made the signature.

5. Compare the Words and Figures

The auditor should satisfy himself amount written on the vouchers, it figures and words are same or not.

6. Transaction Must Relate to Business

For the correctness of the vouchers it is necessary that it relate with the business. Concern, the vouchers must be in the name of the business and also the manager. If it does not the vouchers are not acceptable and doubtful.

7. Case of Personal Vouchers

The auditor should not accept the voucher in personal name. There is a chance than an officer of the company has purchased any item in his personal capacity.

8. Checking of Account Head

Auditor must be satisfied about the head of account in which cash is deposited and drawn. He should examine the documentary evidence in these regards.

9. Revenue Stamps

For the stamps, the stamps act 1899 is applicable while fixing the revenue stamps. The stamps are required according to the valuation of the amount or cash memo. There is no need of vouchers if amount is less than twenty rupees.

10. Case of Cancelled Voucher

The auditor should not accept the cancelled vouchers because it has already served the purpose of payment. There will be a danger of double payments, if it is accepted.

11. Important Notes

For finding the correct decision, the auditor can also take help from the working papers of the previous year and others paper or note related to business and available with the management.

12. Minutes Book

When the meeting of shareholders is held. All the resolutions and decisions of the directors and shareholders are recorded in the minute's book. This minutes book must be examine by the auditor. He has to check that these decisions have been implemented in the books of accounts or not.

13. By Laws

In case of company the article of association and memorandum are basically the rules and regulations. But on the other hand in the societies and clubs the by laws are used to determine the powers of management. The auditor goes through these rules and regulations to find the true and fair view.


14. Agreements

The auditor must examine all the related papers of the business such as the agreement, correspondence and others. The basic information can be received to the auditor by such papers.


15. Deed of Mortgage

Some times, you are the sale or purchase of any assets, the management can enter into the agreement is prepare in this case. If the agreement is prepare in this case. If the agreement is made for a loan against the immovable property then the mortgage deed is signed. It is compulsory for the auditor to study the content of the deed.



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